Overview and Terminology
Spatial analysis, GIS and software tools
Intended audience and scope
Software tools and Companion Materials
GIS and related software tools
Suggested reading
Terminology and Abbreviations
Definitions
Common Measures and Notation
Notation
Statistical measures and related formulas
Conceptual Frameworks for Spatial Analysis
Basic Primitives
Place
Attributes
Objects
Maps
Multiple properties of places
Fields
Networks
Density estimation
Detail, resolution, and scale
Topology
Spatial Relationships
Co-location
Distance, direction and spatial weights matrices
Multidimensional scaling
Spatial context
Neighborhood
Spatial heterogeneity
Spatial dependence
Spatial sampling
Spatial interpolation
Smoothing and sharpening
First- and second-order processes
Spatial Statistics
Spatial probability
Probability density
Uncertainty
Statistical inference
Spatial Data Infrastructure
Geoportals
Metadata
Interoperability
Conclusion
Geospatial Project Design and Research Practice
Analytical methodologies
Spatial analysis as a process
Spatial analysis and the PPDAC model
Problem: Framing the question
Plan: Formulating the approach
Data: Data acquisition
Analysis: Analytical methods and tools
Conclusions: Delivering the results
Geospatial analysis and model building
Research-ready data
A retrospective on sampling and inference in social investigation
The design of Smart Data Infrastructure
Access to RRD
Creation and maintenance of geospatial RRD
The changing context of GIScience
Building Blocks of Spatial Analysis
Spatial and Spatio-temporal Data Models and Methods
Geometric and Related Operations
Length and area for vector data
Length and area for raster datasets
Surface area
Line Smoothing and point-weeding
Centroids and centers
Point (object) in polygon (PIP)
Polygon decomposition
Shape
Overlay and combination operations
Areal interpolation
Districting and re-districting
Classification and clustering
Boundaries and zone membership
Tessellations and triangulations
Queries, Computations and Density
Spatial selection and spatial queries
Simple calculations
Ratios, indices, normalization, standardization and rate smoothing
Density, kernels and occupancy
Distance Operations
Metrics
Cost distance
Distance Transforms
Network distance
Buffering
Distance decay models
Directional Operations
Directional analysis of linear datasets
Directional analysis of point datasets
Directional analysis of surfaces
Grid Operations and Map Algebra
Operations on single and multiple grids
Linear spatial filtering
Non-linear spatial filtering
Erosion and dilation
Data Exploration and Spatial Statistics
Statistical Methods and Spatial Data
Descriptive statistics
Spatial sampling
Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
EDA, ESDA and ESTDA
Outlier detection
Cross tabulations and conditional choropleth plots
ESDA and mapped point data
Trend analysis of continuous data
Cluster hunting and scan statistics
Grid-based Statistics and Metrics
Overview of grid-based statistics
Crosstabulated grid data, the Kappa Index and Cramer’s V statistic
Quadrat analysis of grid datasets
Landscape Metrics
Point Sets and Distance Statistics
Basic distance-derived statistics
Nearest neighbor methods
Pairwise distances
Hot spot and cluster analysis
Proximity matrix comparisons
Spatial Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation, time series and spatial analysis
Global spatial autocorrelation
Local indicators of spatial association (LISA)
Significance tests for autocorrelation indices
Spatial Regression
Regression overview
Simple regression and trend surface modeling
Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
Spatial autoregressive and Bayesian modeling
Spatial filtering models
Surface and Field Analysis
Modeling Surfaces
Test datasets
Surfaces and fields
Raster models
Vector models
Mathematical models
Statistical and fractal models
Surface Geometry
Gradient, slope and aspect
Profiles and curvature
Directional derivatives
Paths on surfaces
Surface smoothing
Pit filling
Volumetric analysis
Visibility
Viewsheds and RF propagation
Line of sight
Isovist analysis and space syntax
Watersheds and Drainage
Drainage modeling
D-infinity model
Drainage modeling case study
Gridding, Interpolation and Contouring
Overview of gridding and interpolation
Gridding and interpolation methods
Contouring
Deterministic Interpolation Methods
Inverse distance weighting (IDW)
Natural neighbor
Nearest-neighbor
Radial basis and spline functions
Modified Shepard
Triangulation with linear interpolation
Triangulation with spline-like interpolation
Rectangular or bi-linear interpolation
Profiling
Polynomial regression
Minimum curvature
Moving average
Local polynomial
Topogrid/Topo to raster
Geostatistical Interpolation Methods
Core concepts in Geostatistics
Kriging interpolation
Network and Location Analysis
Introduction to Network and Location Analysis
Terminology
Source data
Algorithms and computational complexity theory
Key Problems in Network and Location Analysis
Overview - network and locational analysis
Heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms
Network Construction, Optimal Routes and Optimal Tours
Minimum spanning tree
Gabriel network
Steiner trees
Shortest (network) path problems
Tours, travelling salesman problems and vehicle routing
Location and Service Area Problems
Location problems
Larger p-median and p-center problems
Service areas
Arc Routing
Network traversal problems
Geocomputational methods and modeling
Introduction to Geocomputation
Modeling dynamic processes within GIS
Geosimulation
Cellular automata (CA)
Agents and agent-based models
Applications of agent-based models
Advantages of agent-based models
Limitations of agent-based models
Explanation or prediction?
Developing an agent-based model
Types of simulation/modeling (s/m) systems for agent-based modeling
Guidelines for choosing a simulation/modeling (s/m) system
Simulation/modeling (s/m) systems for agent-based modeling
Verification and calibration of agent-based models
Validation and analysis of agent-based model outputs
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Introduction to artificial neural networks
Radial basis function networks
Self organizing networks
Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computing
Genetic algorithms - introduction
Genetic algorithm components
Example GA applications
Evolutionary computing and genetic programming
Big Data, AI and Geospatial Analysis
Big Data and Research
Types of Big Data
Human-sourced data
Process-Mediated data
Machine-Generated data
Challenges of Big Data
Access
Ethics
Data Quality
Repurposing Data
Demographic Bias
Spatial and Temporal Coverage
Unstructured Data
Data Linkage
Tools and Skills
Conclusions
Resources
Appendices
CATMOG Guides
R-Project spatial statistics software packages
Fragstats landscape metrics
Web links
Associations and academic bodies
Online technical dictionaries/definitions
Spatial data, test data and spatial information sources
Statistics and Spatial Statistics links
Other GIS web sites and media
References